Insider acquisitions
Explore purchases, stock awards, gifts, exercises, and conversions. These records cover acquisitions only; sales are not included.
Transaction timeline & trade size
Choose a reporting owner, transaction period, and security. Open any point for the filing.
Purchases in this page50
Other acquisitions0
Reporting owners41
SalesNot providedCheck original SEC filings
Oct 20, 2025 – Nov 25, 2025 · Transaction dates · Current page sample
Reported quantity · security units
Commercial Bancgroup, Inc. · Common Stock · Purchase (code P) · Non-derivative · Currency not specified
Swipe the chart to see the full date range. Exact records are available in the table below.
1 transactions plotted for one security and transaction type. 0 have no reported quantity. A value chart requires a stated currency. Individual reported values remain visible in the table.
PurchaseStock awardGift receivedExercise / conversionConversionOther acquisition
50 dated transactions in this page sample · 41 reporting owners.
View timeline as a table
| Transaction date | Company / security | Reporting owners | Acquisition type | Quantity | Price | Reference value | Currency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nov 21, 2025 | Commercial Bancgroup, Inc.Common Stock | Metheny Philip J. (EVP, Chief Financial Officer) | Purchase | 4,146.69 | 24.12 | 100,018.1628 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | Fossil Group, Inc.Common Stock | Greben Randy J (CFO) | Purchase | 20,980 | 2.38 | 49,932.4 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | DENTSPLY SIRONA Inc.Common Stock | VARON LESLIE F (Director) | Purchase | 9,337 | 10.71 | 99,999.27 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | PEOPLES BANCORP INCCommon Stock | Smith Dwight Eric (Director) | Purchase | 200 | 28.56 | 5,712 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 25, 2025 | TUTOR PERINI CORPCommon Stock | ARKLEY PETER (Director) | Purchase | 6,249 | 64.88 | 405,435.12 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 25, 2025 | TUTOR PERINI CORPCommon Stock | ARKLEY PETER (Director) | Purchase | 8,898 | 64.05 | 569,916.9 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | TUTOR PERINI CORPCommon Stock | ARKLEY PETER (Director) | Purchase | 24,853 | 63.96 | 1,589,597.88 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | LOWES COMPANIES INCCommon Stock | Simkins Lawrence (Director) | Purchase | 1,000 | 231.0627 | 231,062.7 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | HERSHEY COCommon Stock | Taffet Stacy (Chief Growth Officer) | Purchase | 200 | 186.19 | 37,238 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | HERSHEY COCommon Stock | Tanner Kirk (President and CEO · Director) | Purchase | 2,000 | 185.4573 | 370,914.6 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | GENERAL AMERICAN INVESTORS CO INC5.95% Preferred Stock | Priest Jeffrey W (President & CEO) | Purchase | 7,651 | 24.95 | 190,892.45 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 25, 2025 | GENERAL AMERICAN INVESTORS CO INC5.95% Preferred Stock | DAVIDSON SPENCER (Chairman) | Purchase | 1,201 | 24.98 | 30,000.98 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | GENERAL AMERICAN INVESTORS CO INC5.95% Preferred Stock | DAVIDSON SPENCER (Chairman) | Purchase | 4,120 | 24.98 | 102,917.6 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Consolidated Water Co. Ltd.Common Stock | Adamson Kimberly Anne (Director) | Purchase | 2,619 | 33.82 | 88,574.58 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | EAGLE BANCORP INCCommon Stock | Mathews Louis P. Jr. (Director) | Purchase | 1,500 | 17.2 | 25,800 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 19, 2025 | EAGLE BANCORP INCCommon Stock | Mathews Louis P. Jr. (Director) | Purchase | 1,500 | 16.84 | 25,260 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | MAUI LAND & PINEAPPLE CO INCCommon Stock | Randle Race A. (CEO) | Purchase | 2,000 | 14.48 | 28,960 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | MAUI LAND & PINEAPPLE CO INCCommon Stock | Randle Race A. (CEO) | Purchase | 3,000 | 14.24 | 42,720 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Evolv Technologies Holdings, Inc.Class A Common Stock | Kedzierski John (President & CEO · Director) | Purchase | 8,000 | 5.91 | 47,280 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.Common Stock | Sands Capital Alternatives, LLC (10% owner) · SANDS FRANK M. (10% owner) · Sands Capital Life Sciences Pulse Fund II, L.P. (10% owner) | Purchase | 2,068,965 | 1.45 | 2,999,999.25 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | INDEPENDENT BANK CORP /MI/Common Stock | Archer Dennis W. Jr (Director) | Purchase | 288 | 31.5783 | 9,094.5504 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | INDEPENDENT BANK CORP /MI/Common Stock | Archer Dennis W. Jr (Director) | Purchase | 212 | 31.57 | 6,692.84 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.Voting Common Stock | Bradford Tonya Williams (Director) | Purchase | 1,000 | 30.24 | 30,240 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Lineage, Inc.Common Stock | Fleming Abigail S (Chief Accounting Officer) | Purchase | 500 | 33.565 | 16,782.5 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | CCC Intelligent Solutions Holdings Inc.Common Stock | Welsh Timothy A (See Remarks) | Purchase | 136,720 | 7.3137 | 999,929.064 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | QNB CORP.Common Stock | Bimes Randy S. (Director) | Purchase | 1,985 | 35.1 | 69,673.5 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | JACK IN THE BOX INCCOMMON STOCK | Ostrom Ryan Lee (EVP, Chief Cust&Digtl Officer) | Purchase | 1,000 | 17.5517 | 17,551.7 | Currency not specified |
| Oct 20, 2025 | FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.Series A Convertible Preferred Stock | Lee Edward Shihai (Director · 10% owner) | Purchase | 500,000 | 4 | 2,000,000 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.Common Stock, $.0001 par value | Bitterman Robert J (Chairman, Pres. & CEO · Director) | Purchase | 5,000 | 1.14 | 5,700 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | AMES NATIONAL CORPCommon Stock | Swartz Kevin L (Director) | Purchase | 200 | 20.8 | 4,160 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | Rapid7, Inc.COMMON STOCK | Thomas Corey E. (CEO · Director) | Purchase | 14,500 | 13.82 | 200,390 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORP /WA/Common Stock | McDonald Bryan (President) | Purchase | 19,106 | 22.32 | 426,445.92 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Nerdy Inc.Class A Common Stock | Cohn Charles K. (Chief Executive Officer · Director · 10% owner) | Purchase | 203,500 | 0.98 | 199,430 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Decoy Therapeutics Inc.Common Stock | HANISH ARNOLD C (Director) | Purchase | 5,000 | 0.7481 | 3,740.5 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | VALVOLINE INCCommon Stock | WILLIS J KEVIN (Chief Financial Officer) | Purchase | 10,000 | 31.41 | 314,100 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Rapid7, Inc.COMMON STOCK | BURNS MIKE (Director) | Purchase | 2,000 | 13.8 | 27,600 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | JACK IN THE BOX INCCOMMON STOCK | Tucker Lance F. (DIRECTOR & CEO · Director) | Purchase | 5,000 | 17.29 | 86,450 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | MEXICO FUND INCCommon Stock | Saba Capital Management, L.P. (10% owner) | Purchase | 200 | 18.76 | 3,752 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | NEW GERMANY FUND INCCommon Stock | Saba Capital Management, L.P. (10% owner) | Purchase | 11,372 | 10.5 | 119,406 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | ASA Gold & Precious Metals LtdCommon Stock | Saba Capital Management, L.P. (10% owner) | Purchase | 9,784 | 46.94 | 459,260.96 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | ASA Gold & Precious Metals LtdCommon Stock | Saba Capital Management, L.P. (10% owner) | Purchase | 27,496 | 47.41 | 1,303,585.36 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 24, 2025 | RenovoRx, Inc.Common Stock | Agah Ramtin (Chief Medical Officer · Director) | Purchase | 12,000 | 0.8 | 9,600 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | RenovoRx, Inc.Common Stock | Agah Ramtin (Chief Medical Officer · Director) | Purchase | 10,000 | 0.8 | 8,000 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Inspired Entertainment, Inc.Common Stock | PIERCE BROOKS H (President and CEO) | Purchase | 10,000 | 7.39 | 73,900 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Inspired Entertainment, Inc.Common Stock | PIERCE BROOKS H (President and CEO) | Purchase | 10,000 | 7.04 | 70,400 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | NextBoat Inc.Common Stock | John Brian (CEO and Director · Director · 10% owner) | Purchase | 10,000 | 3.138 | 31,380 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | NextBoat Inc.Common Stock | SIMMONS ANDREW JAMES (Vice President and Director · Director) | Purchase | 15,873 | 3.1886 | 50,612.6478 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Prairie Operating Co.Common Stock | Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd (10% owner) · Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd ATF Gregory K O'Neill Family Trust (10% owner) · O'Neill Gregory K (10% owner) | Purchase | 186,977 | 1.6926 | 316,477.2702 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Prairie Operating Co.Common Stock | Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd (10% owner) · Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd ATF Gregory K O'Neill Family Trust (10% owner) · O'Neill Gregory K (10% owner) | Purchase | 50,000 | 1.6698 | 83,490 | Currency not specified |
| Nov 20, 2025 | Prairie Operating Co.Common Stock | Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd (10% owner) · Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd ATF Gregory K O'Neill Family Trust (10% owner) · O'Neill Gregory K (10% owner) | Purchase | 800,000 | 1.7063 | 1,365,040 | Currency not specified |
Only transactions on this page are shown. Preset date windows end on the latest transaction date in this sample. Joint filings may appear on more than one row. Sales are not included. Share-price charts use a separate data source.
Transaction details
Reporting owners, quantities, prices, and source filings.
| Filed / transacted | Company | Reporting owners | Type / security | Quantity | Price / reference value | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trade: | Commercial Bancgroup, Inc.CBK · company listings | Metheny Philip J.EVP, Chief Financial Officer | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 4,146.69 | 24.12 *Value: 100,018.1628Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Fossil Group, Inc.FOSL · company listings | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 20,980 | 2.38 *Value: 49,932.4Currency not specified | View ↗ | |
| Trade: | DENTSPLY SIRONA Inc.XRAY · company listings | VARON LESLIE FDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 9,337 | 10.71Value: 99,999.27Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | PEOPLES BANCORP INCPEBO · company listings | Smith Dwight EricDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 200 | 28.56Value: 5,712Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | TUTOR PERINI CORPTPC · company listings | ARKLEY PETERDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 6,249 | 64.88 *Value: 405,435.12Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | TUTOR PERINI CORPTPC · company listings | ARKLEY PETERDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 8,898 | 64.05 *Value: 569,916.9Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | TUTOR PERINI CORPTPC · company listings | ARKLEY PETERDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 24,853 | 63.96 *Value: 1,589,597.88Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | LOWES COMPANIES INCLOW · company listings | Simkins LawrenceDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,000 | 231.0627 *Value: 231,062.7Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | HERSHEY COHSY · company listings | Taffet StacyChief Growth Officer | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 200 | 186.19Value: 37,238Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | HERSHEY COHSY · company listings | Tanner KirkPresident and CEO · Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 2,000 | 185.4573 *Value: 370,914.6Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | GENERAL AMERICAN INVESTORS CO INCGAM · GAM-PB · company listings | Priest Jeffrey WPresident & CEO | Purchase5.95% Preferred StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 7,651 | 24.95Value: 190,892.45Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | GENERAL AMERICAN INVESTORS CO INCGAM · GAM-PB · company listings | DAVIDSON SPENCERChairman | Purchase5.95% Preferred StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,201 | 24.98Value: 30,000.98Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | GENERAL AMERICAN INVESTORS CO INCGAM · GAM-PB · company listings | DAVIDSON SPENCERChairman | Purchase5.95% Preferred StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 4,120 | 24.98Value: 102,917.6Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Consolidated Water Co. Ltd.CWCO · company listings | Adamson Kimberly AnneDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 2,619 | 33.82Value: 88,574.58Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | EAGLE BANCORP INCEGBN · company listings | Mathews Louis P. Jr.Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,500 | 17.2Value: 25,800Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | EAGLE BANCORP INCEGBN · company listings | Mathews Louis P. Jr.Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,500 | 16.84Value: 25,260Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | MAUI LAND & PINEAPPLE CO INCMLP · company listings | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 2,000 | 14.48Value: 28,960Currency not specified | View ↗ | |
| Trade: | MAUI LAND & PINEAPPLE CO INCMLP · company listings | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 3,000 | 14.24Value: 42,720Currency not specified | View ↗ | |
| Trade: | Evolv Technologies Holdings, Inc.EVLV · company listings | Kedzierski JohnPresident & CEO · Director | PurchaseClass A Common StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 8,000 | 5.91 *Value: 47,280Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Inhibikase Therapeutics, Inc.IKT · company listings | Sands Capital Alternatives, LLC10% owner SANDS FRANK M.10% owner Joint filing · amounts unallocated | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 2,068,965 | 1.45Value: 2,999,999.25Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | INDEPENDENT BANK CORP /MI/IBCP · company listings | Archer Dennis W. JrDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 288 | 31.5783Value: 9,094.5504Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | INDEPENDENT BANK CORP /MI/IBCP · company listings | Archer Dennis W. JrDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 212 | 31.57Value: 6,692.84Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Live Oak Bancshares, Inc.LOB · LOB-PA · company listings | Bradford Tonya WilliamsDirector | PurchaseVoting Common StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,000 | 30.24Value: 30,240Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Lineage, Inc.LINE · company listings | Fleming Abigail SChief Accounting Officer | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 500 | 33.565Value: 16,782.5Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | CCC Intelligent Solutions Holdings Inc.CCC · company listings | Welsh Timothy ASee Remarks | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 136,720 | 7.3137 *Value: 999,929.064Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | QNB CORP.QNBC · company listings | Bimes Randy S.Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,985 | 35.1Value: 69,673.5Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | JACK IN THE BOX INCJACK · company listings | Ostrom Ryan LeeEVP, Chief Cust&Digtl Officer | PurchaseCOMMON STOCKNon-derivative security · Code P | 1,000 | 17.5517Value: 17,551.7Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.FCUV · company listings | Lee Edward ShihaiDirector · 10% owner | PurchaseSeries A Convertible Preferred StockDerivative security · Code P | 500,000 | 4Value: 2,000,000Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Phio Pharmaceuticals Corp.PHIO · company listings | Bitterman Robert JChairman, Pres. & CEO · Director | PurchaseCommon Stock, $.0001 par valueNon-derivative security · Code P | 5,000 | 1.14Value: 5,700Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | AMES NATIONAL CORPATLO · company listings | Swartz Kevin LDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 200 | 20.8Value: 4,160Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Rapid7, Inc.RPD · company listings | Thomas Corey E.CEO · Director | PurchaseCOMMON STOCKNon-derivative security · Code P | 14,500 | 13.82 *Value: 200,390Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORP /WA/HFWA · company listings | McDonald BryanPresident | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 19,106 | 22.32Value: 426,445.92Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Nerdy Inc.NRDY · company listings | Cohn Charles K.Chief Executive Officer · Director · 10% owner | PurchaseClass A Common StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 203,500 | 0.98 *Value: 199,430Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Decoy Therapeutics Inc.DCOY · company listings | HANISH ARNOLD CDirector | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 5,000 | 0.7481 *Value: 3,740.5Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | VALVOLINE INCVVV · company listings | WILLIS J KEVINChief Financial Officer | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 10,000 | 31.41Value: 314,100Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Rapid7, Inc.RPD · company listings | BURNS MIKEDirector | PurchaseCOMMON STOCKNon-derivative security · Code P | 2,000 | 13.8Value: 27,600Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | JACK IN THE BOX INCJACK · company listings | Tucker Lance F.DIRECTOR & CEO · Director | PurchaseCOMMON STOCKNon-derivative security · Code P | 5,000 | 17.29Value: 86,450Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | MEXICO FUND INCMXF · company listings | Saba Capital Management, L.P.10% owner | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 200 | 18.76Value: 3,752Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | NEW GERMANY FUND INCGF · company listings | Saba Capital Management, L.P.10% owner | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 11,372 | 10.5Value: 119,406Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | ASA Gold & Precious Metals LtdASA · company listings | Saba Capital Management, L.P.10% owner | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 9,784 | 46.94Value: 459,260.96Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | ASA Gold & Precious Metals LtdASA · company listings | Saba Capital Management, L.P.10% owner | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 27,496 | 47.41Value: 1,303,585.36Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | RenovoRx, Inc.RNXT · company listings | Agah RamtinChief Medical Officer · Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 12,000 | 0.8Value: 9,600Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | RenovoRx, Inc.RNXT · company listings | Agah RamtinChief Medical Officer · Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 10,000 | 0.8Value: 8,000Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Inspired Entertainment, Inc.INSE · company listings | PIERCE BROOKS HPresident and CEO | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 10,000 | 7.39 *Value: 73,900Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Inspired Entertainment, Inc.INSE · company listings | PIERCE BROOKS HPresident and CEO | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 10,000 | 7.04 *Value: 70,400Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | NextBoat Inc.NXB · company listings | John BrianCEO and Director · Director · 10% owner | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 10,000 | 3.138 *Value: 31,380Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | NextBoat Inc.NXB · company listings | SIMMONS ANDREW JAMESVice President and Director · Director | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 15,873 | 3.1886Value: 50,612.6478Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Prairie Operating Co.PROP · company listings | Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd10% owner O'Neill Gregory K10% owner Joint filing · amounts unallocated | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 186,977 | 1.6926Value: 316,477.2702Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Prairie Operating Co.PROP · company listings | Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd10% owner O'Neill Gregory K10% owner Joint filing · amounts unallocated | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 50,000 | 1.6698Value: 83,490Currency not specified | View ↗ |
| Trade: | Prairie Operating Co.PROP · company listings | Narrogal Nominees Pty Ltd10% owner O'Neill Gregory K10% owner Joint filing · amounts unallocated | PurchaseCommon StockNon-derivative security · Code P | 800,000 | 1.7063Value: 1,365,040Currency not specified | View ↗ |
50 transactions on this page. Filing date, newest first.
Filters use the date a filing was submitted, not the date of the transaction. Coverage is incomplete while historical records are being loaded. How we organize the data →